中药饮片的分类

解 表 药

凡以发散表邪、解除表证为主要作用的药物,称解表药,又叫发表药。
本类药物辛散轻扬,主入肺、膀胱经,偏行肌表,有促进肌体发汗,使表邪由汗出而解的作用,从而达到治愈表证,防止疾病传变的目的。即《内经》所谓:“其在皮者,汗而发之”的意思。解表药除主要具有发汗解表作用外,部分药尚兼有利尿退肿、止咳平喘、透疹、止痛、消疮等作用。
解表药主要用治恶寒、发热、头痛、身痛、无汗或有汗不畅、脉浮之外感表证。部分解表药尚可用于水肿、咳喘、麻疹、风疹、风湿痹痛、疮疡初起等证而有表证者。
解表药性皆辛散,对于平时素多汗和热病后期津液亏耗,以及常患疮痈、淋病、失血等证的,应忌用。
解表药分为:辛温、辛凉两大类。
辛温药:
/threads/79686%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]麻黄 /threads/79688%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]桂枝 /threads/79689%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]紫苏 /threads/79690%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]生姜 /threads/79691%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]香薷 /threads/79692%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81] 荆芥 /threads/79693%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]羌活 /threads/79694%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白芷 /threads/79695%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]藁本 /threads/79696%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]苍耳子 /threads/79697%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]辛夷 /threads/79699%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]细辛/threads/80223%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]葱白


辛凉药:
/threads/79701%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]薄荷 /threads/79702%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D85]牛蒡子 /threads/79703%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]桑叶 /threads/79704%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]菊花 /threads/79705%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]蝉蜕 /threads/79706%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]蔓荆子 /threads/79707%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]葛根/threads/79708%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]柴胡 /threads/79710%C9%FD%C2%E9]升麻 /threads/79711%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]淡豆豉 /threads/79712%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]浮萍

/threads/79700%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]防风鸡蛋膜

清 热 药

凡以清解里热为主要作用的药物,称为清热药。
清热药的药性寒凉,具有清热泻火、燥湿、凉血、解毒及清虚热等功效。本类药物主要用于表邪已解、里热炽盛,而无积滞的里热病证,如外感热病,高热烦渴,温热泄痢,温毒发斑,痈肿疮毒及阴虚发热等。清热药是以《内经》“热者寒之”及《本经》“疗热以寒药” 的原则指导用药的。
由于发病原因不一,病情发展变化的阶段不同,以及患者体质的差异,里热证既有气分与血分之分,又有实热与虚热之异。因此,就有多种类型的临床表现。针对热证的不同类型,并根据药物的功效,将清热药分为以下五类:
清热泻火药,功能清气分热,用于壮热、烦渴、神昏、脉洪实有力,舌苔黄燥等气分实热诸证,有些药物还可以用于火热目疾;热与火均为六淫之一,以发热、心烦、口渴、甚至神昏、发狂等热盛证候为特征。热为火之渐,火为热之极,两者仅是程度上的轻重不同。对于虚人使用本类药物时,当考虑照顾正气,勿令克伐太过,必要时可以与扶正药配用。并须根据各药作用部位的不同(如清胃热、肺热、肝热等),区别使用。
清热燥湿药,功能清热燥湿,用于泻痢,黄疸等湿热病证;
清热凉血药,专入血分,对血分实热有凉血清热作用,其中某些药和养阴药同用,可治阴虚发热。功能清解营分、血分热邪,用于血热妄行的吐血、衄血、血热发斑及温邪入营发热、舌绛、神昏等血分实热证;热邪入于血分,营分,易伤耗血,本类药物中有的兼有养护阴液作用,如地黄、玄参等。脾胃虚弱者,当慎用,以防伤伐胃气。
清热解毒药,毒的含义甚广,这里所称的毒,为因火热壅盛所致,通常称为热毒或火毒。凡能清除热邪或火邪,解除热毒或火毒的药物,就叫清热解毒药。热毒在人体不同部位,呈现各种证候,本节药物分别适用于丹毒、斑疹=疮痈、喉瘅及痢疾等证,应用时须作适当选择;热毒在血分须与凉血药配用,火热炽盛应配清热泻火药,夹湿者应配燥湿药;痢疾里急后重,宜配利气调气药;疮痈、喉瘅等证,要兼以外用药;发斑、疮痈、喉瘅、痢疾属于阴证、寒证者,不宜用清热解毒药。
清虚热药,多寒凉,具有清热而不伤阴的特点,故善治虚热,适用于阴虚发热,骨蒸潮热,口渴盗汗,温邪伤阴,夜热早凉,心烦颧赤以及热病伤阴,余邪未尽之证。

清热泻火药:
/threads/79713%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]石 膏 /threads/79714%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]知 母 /threads/79715%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]芦 根/threads/79716%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D91]天花粉/threads/79718%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]淡竹叶/threads/79719%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]栀 子/threads/79720%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]夏枯草 /threads/79722%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81] 决明子
/threads/79725%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青葙子
/threads/79726%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]黄 芩 /threads/79727%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]黄 连/threads/79728%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]黄 柏 /threads/79729%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83] 龙胆草 /threads/79730%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D82]苦 参 /threads/79732%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]穿心莲 /threads/80273%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白藓皮 /threads/79734%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]秦 皮

清热凉血药:
/threads/79788%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]生地黄 /threads/79789%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]玄 参 /threads/79790%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]牡丹皮 /threads/79791%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]赤 芍 /threads/79792%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]水牛角 /threads/79793%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]紫 草

清热解毒药:
/threads/79735%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]金银花 /threads/79736%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]连 翘 /threads/79737%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]板蓝根 /threads/79738%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]大青叶 /threads/79739%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青 黛/threads/79740%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]贯 众 /threads/79741%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]鱼腥草 /threads/79742%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D87]蒲公英
/threads/79743%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]紫花地丁 /threads/79744%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D91]土茯苓 /threads/79745%D4%E9%D0%DD]蚤休 /threads/79746%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]野菊花 /threads/79747%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]红 藤 /threads/79748%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]败酱草 /threads/79749%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]山豆根 /threads/79750%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]射 干
/threads/79751%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]马 勃 /threads/79754%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白头翁 /threads/79755%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84] 马齿苋 /threads/79757%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96] 鸦胆子 /threads/79760%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白花蛇舌草 /threads/79763%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]漏 芦 /threads/79768%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D89]忍冬藤 /threads/79772%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]拳参 /threads/79782%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]半边莲/threads/79787%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]山慈姑 锦灯笼羊乳根


清虚热药:
/threads/79794%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青 蒿 /threads/79796%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]地骨皮 /threads/79798%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]银柴胡 /threads/79800%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]胡黄连 /threads/79801%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白薇


/threads/79802%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青 果 /threads/79803%DC%DC%C2%E9%D7%D3]苘麻子 /threads/79804%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]荷叶 委陵菜 罗汉果 /threads/80244%B0%D7%DD%FC]白蔹 /threads/80232%BA%AE%CB%AE%CA%AF]寒水石

/threads/79723%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]木贼 /threads/79724%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]密蒙花

泻 下 药

凡能引起腹泻,或润滑大肠,促进排便的药物,称为泻下药。
本类药物主要作用是泻下通便,以排除胃肠积滞、燥屎及有害物质(毒、瘀、虫等);或清热泻火,使实热壅滞之邪通过泻下而清解;或逐水退肿,使水湿停饮随从大小便排除,达到祛除停饮,消退水肿的目的。主要适用于大便秘结,胃肠积滞,实热内结及水肿停饮等里实证。
根据本类药物作用的特点及使用范围的不同,可分为攻下药、润下药及峻下逐水药三类。其中攻下药和峻下逐水药泻下作用峻猛,尤以后者为甚;润下药能润滑肠道,作用缓和。
使用泻下药应注意的是:里实兼表邪者,当先解表后攻里,必要时可与解表药同用,表里双解,以免表邪内陷;里实而正虚者,应与补益药同用,攻补兼施,使攻邪而不伤正。攻下药、峻下逐水药,其作用峻猛,或具有毒性,易伤正气及脾胃,故年老体虚、脾胃虚弱者当慎用;妇女胎前产后及经期应当忌用。应用作用较强泻下药时,当奏效即止,慎勿过剂,以免损伤胃气。应用作用峻猛而有毒性泻下药时,一定要严格炮制法度,控制用量,避免中毒现象发生,确保用药安全。

攻下药:
/threads/79814%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]大 黄 /threads/79818%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]芒 硝 /threads/79819%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]番泻叶/threads/79820%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83] 芦 荟

润下药:
/threads/79821%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]火麻仁 /threads/79822%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]郁李仁

峻下药:
/threads/79823%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]甘遂 /threads/79824%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]京大戟 /threads/79825%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]芫花 /threads/79827%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]牵牛子 /threads/79828%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]商陆 /threads/79829%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]巴豆 /threads/79830%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]千金子

/threads/79831%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]玄明粉

祛风湿药

凡以祛除风寒湿邪,解除痹痛为主要作用的药物,称祛风湿药。
祛风湿药主要具有祛散寒除法的作用,适用于风寒湿邪所致的肌肉、经络、筋骨、关节等处疼痛、重着、麻木和关节肿大、筋脉拘挛、屈伸不利等证。此外,部分药物还分别具有舒筋活络、止痛、强筋骨等作用。
本类药物的性味多为辛苦温燥,辛能发散,苦能燥湿,温可祛寒,故具有祛风、除湿、散寒及活络、行痹、止痛的作用。但在应用时,应根据不同的证候,做适当配伍。如病邪在表,可与解表药同用;病在筋骨关节,可与活血通络药同用。
本类药物易伤阴血,凡阴虚、血虚者当慎用。


/threads/79832%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]独活 /threads/79833%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D94]威灵仙 /threads/79834%DE%AD%C9%DF]蕲蛇 /threads/79842%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]木瓜 /threads/79844%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]寻骨风/threads/23710%CE%DA%CD%B7]乌头(川乌、草乌)/threads/79848%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]蚕沙 /threads/79853%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]海风藤 /threads/79857%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D94]乌梢蛇 /threads/79858%CB%C9%BD%DA]松节

/threads/79859%B7%C0%D2%D1]广防已 /threads/79860%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]秦艽 /threads/79861%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]络石藤/threads/79862%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]雷公藤 /threads/79864%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]豨莶草

/threads/79866%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]桑枝/threads/79869%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]老鹳草

/threads/79871%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D94]五加皮 /threads/79873%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]桑寄生 /threads/79875%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]狗脊 /threads/79877%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]千年健

/threads/79879%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]徐长卿 /threads/79881%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]海桐皮 /threads/79882%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]丝瓜络 /threads/79884%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]金钱白花蛇 穿山龙

化 湿 药

凡气味芳香,性偏温燥,具有化湿运脾作用的药物,称为化湿药。
脾恶湿,“土爱暖而喜芳香。”若湿浊内阻中焦,则脾胃运化水谷之功能受阻而致病。芳香之品能醒脾化湿,湿燥之药可燥湿健脾,故本类药物适用于湿浊内阻,肺为湿困,运化失常所致的脘腹痞满、呕吐泛酸、大便溏薄、食少体倦、口甘多涎、舌苔白腻等证。此外,有芳香解暑之功,湿温、暑温等证,亦可选用。
在应用时,应根据不同证候,作适当的配伍。如脾胃虚弱者,配补脾健胃药;湿阻气滞、脘腹胀甚者,配行气药;寒湿中阻者,配温里药;若里湿化热者,配清热燥湿药等。本类药物多属辛温香燥之品,易于耗气伤阴,故阴虚血燥及气虚者宜慎用。又因其芳香,多含挥发油,系其有效成分,故人煎剂宜后下,不宜久煎,以免降低疗效。

/threads/79904%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]苍术 /threads/79905%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]厚朴 /threads/79906%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]广藿香/threads/79907%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D87]佩兰 /threads/79909%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]白豆蔻/threads/79910%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]砂仁/threads/79912%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]草果 /threads/79914%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]草豆蔻辣蓼

利水渗湿药

凡能通利水道,渗泄水湿,治疗水湿内停病证为主要作用的药物,称利水渗湿药。
本类药物味多甘淡,具有利水消肿,利尿通淋、利湿退黄等功效。适用于小便不利水肿、淋证、黄疸、湿疮、泄泻、带下、湿温、湿痹等水湿所致的各种病证。
应用利水渗湿药,须视不同病证,选用有关药物,作适当配伍。如水肿骤起有表证者, 配宣肺发汗药;水肿日久,脾肾阳虚者,配温补脾肾药;湿热合邪者,配清热药;寒湿相关者,配祛寒药,热伤血络而尿血者,配凉血止血药;至于泄泻、痰饮、湿温、黄疽等,则应分别与健脾、芳香化湿、或清热燥湿药切配伍。


/threads/79917%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]茯苓 /threads/80045%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]猪苓 /threads/80047%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D97]泽 泻 /threads/80049%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]薏苡仁/threads/80054%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]香加皮 /threads/80059%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]冬瓜皮

/threads/80062%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]车前子 /threads/80064%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]滑石/threads/80066%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]川木通 /threads/80069%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]海金砂 /threads/80071%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]萆薢 /threads/80078%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]瞿麦 /threads/80082%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]地肤子

/threads/80086%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]石 韦/threads/80088%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]冬葵子/threads/80090%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]灯心草

/threads/80124%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D96]茵陈蒿 /threads/80125%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]金钱草/threads/80126%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]虎杖 /threads/80127%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]赤小豆 /threads/80318%B7%C0%BC%BA]防己

温 里 药
凡以温里祛寒、治疗里寒证为主要作用的药物,称为温里药,又叫祛寒药。
本类药物多味辛而性温热,以其辛散温通、偏走脏腑而能温里散寒、温经止痛,个别药物还能助阳、回阳,故可以用治里寒证。即《内经》所谓“寒者热之”、《本经》所谓“疗寒以热药” 之意。
本类药物因其主要归经之不同而奏多种效用。其主入脾胃经者,能温中散寒止痛,可用治脾胃受寒或脾胃虚寒证,症见脘腹冷痛、呕吐泄泻、舌淡苔白等;其主人肺经者,能温肺化饮而治肺寒痰饮证,症见痰鸣咳喘、痰白清稀、舌淡苔白滑等;其主入肝经者,能温肝散寒止痛而治肝经受寒少腹痛、寒疝作痛或厥阴头痛等,其主入肾经者,能温肾助阳而治肾阳不足证,症见阳萎宫冷、腰膝冷痛、夜尿频多、滑精遗尿等;其主入心肾两经者,能温阳通豚而治心肾阳虚证,症见心悸怔忡、畏寒肢冷、小便不利、肢体浮肿等,或能回阳救逆而治亡阳厥逆证,症见畏寒倦卧、汗出神疲、四肢厥逆、脉微欲绝等。

附子 /threads/80158%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]干姜 /threads/80159%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D89]肉桂 /threads/80160%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D94]吴茱萸/threads/80161%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]小茴香 /threads/80162%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]丁香 /threads/80119%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]葫芦巴

/threads/80164%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]高良姜 /threads/80166%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]花椒 /threads/80169%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]胡椒/threads/80171%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]荜茇 /threads/80173%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]荜澄茄 /threads/80174%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]八角茴香

/threads/80177%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]红豆蔻

行 气 药

凡以疏理气机、治疗气滞或气逆证为主要作用的药物,称为理气药,又叫行气药。
理气药性味多辛苦温而芳香。其味辛能行散,味苦能疏泄,芳香能走窜,性温能通行,故有疏理气机的作用。因本类药物主归脾、肝、肺经,故有理气健脾、疏肝解郁、理气宽胸、行气止痛、破气散结等不同功效。具有理气健脾作用的药物,主要用治脾胃气滞所致脘腹胀痛、暖气吞酸,恶心呕吐、腹泻或便秘等。具疏肝解郁者,主要用治肝气郁滞所致胁肋胀痛,抑郁不乐、疝气疼痛、乳房胀痛、月经不调等。具理气宽胸者,主要用治肺气壅滞所致胸闷胸痛、咳嗽气喘等。


/threads/80180%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]橘 皮/threads/80182%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青 皮 枳实 /threads/80185%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]木 香 /threads/80187%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]沉 香 /threads/80189%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D94]乌 药 /threads/80191%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]荔枝核

/threads/80193%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]香附 /threads/80195%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]佛 手 /threads/80197%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D74]川楝子 /threads/80198%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D88]青木香 /threads/80200%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]薤 白 /threads/80202%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]柿 蒂/threads/80204%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]刀 豆

/threads/80205%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D91]檀香 /threads/80206%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]玫瑰花 /threads/80207%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]九香虫 /threads/80208%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D95]香 橼 /threads/80211%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D75]大腹皮/threads/80212%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D91]天仙藤刺猬皮

消 食 药

凡以消积导滞、促进消化、治疗饮食积滞为主要作用的药物,称为消食药,又叫消导药。
消食药多味甘性平,主归脾胃二经,功能消化饮食积滞、开胃和中。主要用治饮食积滞,脘腹胀满、嗳腐吞酸、恶心酸吐、不思饮食、大便失常等脾胃虚弱的消化不良证。
使用本类药物,应根据不同的病情予以适当配伍。若宿食停积、脾胃气滞者,当配理气药以行气导滞。若脾胃气虚、运化无力者,须配健脾益胃药以标本兼顾、消补并用。若素体脾胃虚寒者,宜配温里药以温运脾阳、散寒消食。若兼湿浊中阻者,宜配芳香化湿药以化湿醒脾、消食开胃。若食积化热,可配苦寒攻下药以泻热化积。

/threads/80184%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]山楂 /threads/80186%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]神曲 /threads/80188%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D84]麦芽 /threads/80190%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D78]谷芽 /threads/80192%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83]莱菔子/threads/80194%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D81]鸡内金 /threads/80196%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D72] 阿魏

驱 虫 药

凡以驱除或杀灭人体寄生虫为主要作用的药物,称为驱虫药。
本类药物多具毒性,入脾、胃、大肠经,对人体内的寄生虫,特别是肠道内寄生虫,有毒杀、麻痹作用,促使其排出体外。故驱虫药主要用于治疗肠道寄生虫病,如蛔虫病、绕虫病、绦虫病、钩虫病、姜片虫病等。此类寄生虫病患每见绕脐腹痛、不思饮食或善饥多食、嗜食异物,久则出现形体消瘦、面色萎黄、腹大青筋暴露、浮肿等症状。也有部分病人症状较轻,无明显证候,只在查验大便时才被发现。凡此,均当服用驱虫药物,以求根治。对机体其它部位的寄生虫,如血吸虫、阴道滴虫等,某些驱虫药物亦有驱杀作用。
驱虫药的使用,必须根据体质的强弱,虫的种类,证情的缓急和不同的兼证,分别选用和配伍适当药物。如有积滞者,可配伍消导药;脾胃虚弱者,兼键运脾胃;尤其对体虚的患者,应该先补后攻,或攻补兼施。
本类药物除某些本身兼具泻下作用外,一般须适当配用泻下药,以增强排除寄生虫的功能。有些药物性较峻烈,或具有毒性,应注意用量,以免损伤正气。


/threads/80199%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D90]使君子 /threads/80201%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D82]苦楝皮 /threads/80203%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D73]槟榔 /threads/80209%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D85]南瓜子/threads/80210%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]鹤草芽 /threads/80213%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D83] 雷丸 /threads/80214%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D79]鹤虱 /threads/80215%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D77]榧子